CompTIA Network+ N10-004 Exam Cram, 3rd Edition

Description

• Copyright 2009
• Edition: 3rd

• Book
• ISBN-10: 0-7897-3796-5
• ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-3796-0

The new edition of CompTIA Network+ Exam Cram is the first book to cover the Network+ 2009 exam.

Covers the critical information you’ll need to know to score higher on your Network+ exam!

• Implement proven best practices for managing networks efficiently and reliably
• Thoroughly understand network hardware components, devices, cabling, and connectors
• Systematically review TCP/IP, related network protocols, and the OSI model
• Manage network operating systems and clients
• Identify network vulnerabilities and configure network security to address them
• Use security tools such as cryptography and antivirus software
• Provide reliable, secure Internet access, WAN access, and VLAN support
• Implement disaster recovery plans that protect business continuity
• Troubleshoot network and Internet connectivity problems
• Efficiently document the network and provide high-quality user support

CD Features Test Engine!

• Detailed explanations of correct and incorrect answers
• Multiple test modes
• Random questions and order of answers
• Coverage of each Network+ exam objective 

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Table of Contents

Introduction... 1

Self-Assessment... 7

Chapter 1:
Introduction to Networking..................................................................... 13

    Introduction.............................................................................. 14

    LANs, WANs, MANs, and WPANs............................................ 14

        LANs........................................................................... 14

        WANs......................................................................... 15

        Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)............................... 15

        WPANs....................................................................... 15

    Network Models....................................................................... 16

        Peer-to-Peer Networking Model...................................... 16

        Client/Server Networking Model...................................... 16

        Comparing Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server Network Models 17

    Centralized and Distributed Computing....................................... 18

    Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)................................................. 18

        Components of the VPN Connection.............................. 19

        VPN Pros and Cons..................................................... 20

    Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs)......................................... 21

        VLAN Membership....................................................... 23

    Network Topologies.................................................................. 26

        Bus Topology............................................................... 26

        Ring Topology.............................................................. 27

        Star Topology............................................................... 28

        Wired Mesh Topology................................................... 30

        Wireless Topologies..................................................... 31

        Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint, and Wireless Mesh Topologies  33

        Hybrid Topologies......................................................... 36

    Review and Test Yourself.......................................................... 37

        The Facts.................................................................... 37

        Key Terms................................................................... 38

        Exam Prep Questions................................................... 39

        Answers to Exam Prep Questions................................. 41

    Need to Know More?................................................................ 42

Chapter 2:
Cabling, Connectors, and Ethernet Standards......................................... 43

    Introduction.............................................................................. 45

    General Media Considerations................................................... 45

        Broadband Versus Baseband........................................ 46

        Simplex, Half Duplex, and Full Duplex............................ 46

        Media Interference........................................................ 46

        Attenuation.................................................................. 47

        Data Transmission Rates.............................................. 48

    Network Media......................................................................... 48

        Twisted-Pair Cabling..................................................... 49

        Coaxial........................................................................ 52

        Fiber-Optic Cable......................................................... 53

        Plenum Cables............................................................. 56

    Media Connectors.................................................................... 56

        BNC Connectors.......................................................... 56

        RJ-11 Connectors......................................................... 57

        RJ-45 Connectors......................................................... 58

        F-Type Connectors and RG-59 and RG-6........................ 59

        Fiber Connectors.......................................................... 59

        RS-232 Standard.......................................................... 61

        IEEE 1394................................................................... 62

        Universal Serial Bus (USB)............................................ 62

    568A and 568B Wiring Standards.............................................. 63

    Straight Versus Crossover Cable................................................ 64

    Rollover and Loopback Cables................................................... 66

        Loopback Cable........................................................... 66

    Components of Wiring Distribution............................................. 66

        Network Cross-Connects............................................... 67

        Horizontal Cabling........................................................ 67

        Vertical Cable.............................................................. 69

        Patch Panels............................................................... 69

        Type 66 and Type 110 Punchdown Blocks...................... 71

        MDF and IDF............................................................... 71

        Demarc, Demarc Extension, and Smart Jacks................ 72

        Verify Wiring Installation and Termination........................ 74

    IEEE and Overview of Networking Standards............................... 75

        IEEE 802.2 Standard.................................................... 76

        IEEE 802.3x Standard Characteristics............................ 76

    802.3 Ethernet Standards.......................................................... 81

        10BaseT...................................................................... 81

        10BaseFL.................................................................... 82

        Fast Ethernet............................................................... 82

        Gigabit Ethernet: 1000BaseX......................................... 84

        1000BaseT.................................................................. 85

        10 Gigabit Ethernet....................................................... 86

        10GBaseT................................................................... 88

    Review and Test Yourself.......................................................... 88

        The Facts.................................................................... 89

        Key Terms................................................................... 90

        Exam Prep Questions................................................... 90

        Answers to Exam Prep Questions................................. 93

    Need to Know More?................................................................ 94

Chapter 3:
Networking Components and Devices..................................................... 95

    Introduction.............................................................................. 96

    Hubs....................................................................................... 96

    MSAU..................................................................................... 97

    Switches................................................................................. 98

        Hub and Switch Cabling................................................ 99

    Bridges.................................................................................. 100

        Bridge Placement and Bridging Loops.......................... 101

        Types of Bridges......................................................... 101

    Routers.................................................................................. 102

    Gateways.............................................................................. 103

    Network Cards........................................................................ 104

        Types of Network Interfaces......................................... 104

        Installing Network Cards.............................................. 105

    Media Converters.................................................................... 106

    Wireless Access Points.......................................................... 107

    Modems................................................................................ 108

    Firewalls................................................................................ 110

    DHCP Server.......................................................................... 111

    Repeaters.............................................................................. 112

    Specialized Network Devices................................................... 112

        Multilayer and Content Switches.................................. 113

        Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems.................. 114

        Load Balancer............................................................ 115

        Multifunction Network Devices...................................... 115

        DNS Server................................................................ 116

        Bandwidth Shaper....................................................... 117

        Proxy Server.............................................................. 118

        CSUs/DSUs............................................................... 120

        Network Devices Summary.......................................... 121

    Advanced Features of a Switch................................................ 123

        Power over Ethernet (PoE)........................................... 123

        Spanning Tree............................................................ 124

        Trunking..................................................................... 125

        Port Mirroring............................................................. 126

        Port Authentication..................................................... 126

    Review and Test Yourself......................................................... 126

        The Facts.................................................................. 126

        Key Terms................................................................. 128

        Exam Prep Questions................................................. 129

        Answers to Exam Prep Questions................................ 131

    Need to Know More?............................................................... 132

Chapter 4:
OSI Model and Network Protocols........................................................ 133

    Introduction............................................................................ 134

    The OSI Seven-Layer Model..................................................... 134

        Physical Layer (Layer 1).............................................. 135

        Data Link Layer (Layer 2)............................................ 136

        Network Layer (Layer 3).............................................. 136

        Transport Layer (Layer 4)............................................. 137

        Session Layer (Layer 5).............................................. 138

        Presentation Layer (Layer 6)........................................ 138

        Application Layer (Layer 7).......................................... 138

        OSI Model Summary................................................... 139

    Identifying the OSI Layers at Which Various Network
Components Operate................................................................ 140

    Connectionless and Connection-Oriented Protocols................... 140

    Introduction to Protocols.......................................................... 141

        Internet Protocol (IP)................................................... 142

        Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)............................ 142

        User Datagram Protocol (UDP).................................... 143

        File Transfer Protocol (FTP)......................................... 144

        Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)............................ 146

        Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).............................. 146

        Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).......................... 147

        Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).............................. 147

        Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)................. 148

        Post Office Protocol Version 3/Internet Message Access
Protocol Version 4 (POP3/IMAP4)...................................... 148

        Telnet........................................................................ 149

        Secure Shell (SSH)..................................................... 150

        Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)..................... 150

        Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)/Reverse Address
Resolution Protocol (RARP)............................................... 151

        Network Time Protocol (NTP)....................................... 152

        Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)....................... 153

        Secure Copy Protocol (SCP)....................................... 153

        Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).............. 154

        Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)................ 154

        Domain Name System (DNS)...................................... 154

        Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)............. 161

        Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)................ 164

        Transport Layer Security............................................. 166

        Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)/Real-Time Transport
Protocol (RTP).................................................................. 166

        TCP/IP Protocol Suite Summary.................................. 168

    Review and Test Yourself......................................................... 170

        The Facts.................................................................. 171

        Key Terms................................................................. 172

        Exam Prep Questions................................................. 173

        Answers to Exam Prep Questions................................ 175

    Need to Know More?............................................................... 176

Chapter 5:
TCP/IP Routing and Addressing........................................................... 177

    Introduction............................................................................ 179

        IP Addressing............................................................. 179

        IPv4........................................................................... 180

        IP Address Classes.................................................... 180

        Subnet Mask Assignment........................................... 181

        Subnetting................................................................. 182

    Identifying the Differences Between IPv4 Public and
Private Networks....................................................................... 183

        Private Address Ranges.............................................. 184

        Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR).......................... 185

        Default Gateways....................................................... 185

        IPv4 Address Types.................................................... 187

        IPv6 Addressing.......................................................... 187

        Comparing IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing............................ 191

    Assigning IP Addresses.......................................................... 191

        Static Addressing....................................................... 191

        Dynamic Addressing................................................... 192

        BOOT Protocol (BOOTP)............................................. 194

        APIPA....................................................................... 194

    Identifying MAC Addresses...................................................... 195

    NAT, PAT, and SNAT.............................................................. 196

        Network Address Translation (NAT).............................. 196

        PAT and SNAT........................................................... 197

    TCP/UDP Port Functions......................................................... 198

    Managing TCP/IP Routing........................................................ 200

        The Default Gateway................................................... 200

        Routing Tables........................................................... 200

        Static Routing............................................................ 201

        Dynamic Routing........................................................ 202

    Review and Test Yourself......................................................... 206

        The Facts.................................................................. 206

        Key Terms................................................................. 207

        Exam Prep Questions................................................. 209

        Answers to Exam Prep Questions................................ 211

    Need to Know More?............................................................... 212

Chapter 6:
WAN Technologies and Internet Access............................................... 213

    WAN Technologies................................................................. 214

        Switching Methods..................................................... 214

        Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN).................... 217

        T-carrier Lines............................................................ 218

        SONET/OCx Levels.................................................... 220

        X.25 and Frame Relay................................................. 222

        Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)............................. 224

        Summary of WAN Technologies................................... 224

    Internet Access Technologies.................................................. 226

        xDSL Internet Access................................................. 226

        Cable Internet Access................................................. 229

        Broadband Security Considerations.............................. 232

        POTS Internet Access................................................ 232

        The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)........... 235

        Satellite Internet Access............................................. 235

        Wireless Internet Access............................................ 237

        MPLS........................................................................ 238

    Review and Test Yourself......................................................... 239

        The Facts.................................................................. 239

        Key Terms................................................................. 240

        Exam Prep Questions................................................. 241

        Answers to Exam Prep Questions................................ 243

    Need to Know More?............................................................... 244

Chapter 7:
Wireless Networking........................................................................... 245

    Introduction............................................................................ 246

        Wireless Access Points.............................................. 247

        Working with APs....................................................... 248

        Wireless Antennas..................................................... 249

        Antenna Ratings......................................................... 250

        Antenna Coverage....................................................... 250

    Wireless Radio Channels........................................................ 252

        Data Rate Versus Throughput...................................... 254

    Factors Affecting Wireless Signals........................................... 255

        Interference Types...................................................... 255

        Spread-Spectrum Technology...................................... 257

        Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing................... 258

        Beacon Management Frame........................................ 258

    802.11 Wireless Standards...................................................... 259

        The Magic Behind 802.11n.......................................... 261

        Summary of 802.11 Wireless Standards....................... 262

    Securing Wireless Networks.................................................... 263

        Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP).................................. 263

        Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)................................... 264

        802.1X....................................................................... 265

        Temporal Key Integrity Protocol................................... 266

    Establishing Communications Between Wireless Devices.......... 266

    Configuring the Wireless Connection........................................ 269

    Access Point Coverage........................................................... 271

    Wireless Signal Quality........................................................... 273

    Wireless Troubleshooting Checklist.......................................... 274

    Infrared Wireless Networking.................................................... 275

    Bluetooth............................................................................... 276

    Review and Test Yourself......................................................... 277

        The Facts.................................................................. 277

        Key Terms................................................................. 278

        Exam Prep Questions................................................. 279

        Answers to Exam Prep Questions................................ 281

    Need to Know More?............................................................... 282

Chapter 8:
Network Performance Optimization....................................................... 283

    Introduction............................................................................ 284

    What Is Uptime?..................................................................... 285

    The Risks.............................................................................. 287

    Fault Tolerance....................................................................... 287

        Disk-Level Fault Tolerance........................................... 288

        Server and Services Fault Tolerance............................. 293

        Link Redundancy........................................................ 295

        Using Uninterruptible Power Supplies........................... 296

    Disaster Recovery................................................................... 297

        Full Backup................................................................ 297

        Differential Backup...................................................... 298

        Incremental Backup.................................................... 299

        Tape Rotations........................................................... 300

        Backup Best Practices............................................... 300

        Hot and Cold Spares................................................... 301

        Hot, Warm, and Cold Sites.......................................... 302

    Network Optimization Strategies.............................................. 304

        QoS.......................................................................... 304

        Traffic Shaping............................................................ 305

        Caching Engines........................................................ 306

    Working with Command-Line Utilities........................................ 307

        Troubleshooting with Diagnostic Utilities....................... 307

        The Trace Route Utility (tracert/traceroute).................... 309

        ping........................................................................... 312

        ARP.......................................................................... 317

        The netstat Command................................................. 320

        nbtstat....................................................................... 326

        The ipconfig Command................................................ 327

        ifconfig....................................................................... 329

        nslookup.................................................................... 330

        dig............................................................................. 331

        mtr............................................................................ 333

        The host Command..................................................... 333

        The route Utility.......................................................... 333

    Review and Test Yourself......................................................... 335

        The Facts.................................................................. 335

        Key Terms................................................................. 337

        Exam Prep Questions................................................. 338

        Answers to Exam Prep Questions................................ 341

    Need to Know More?............................................................... 342

Chapter 9:
Network Security................................................................................ 343

    Introduction............................................................................ 345

    Firewalls................................................................................ 345

        Stateful and Stateless Firewalls................................... 347

        Packet-Filtering Firewalls............................................ 348

        Circuit-Level Firewalls.................................................. 349

        Application Layer Firewalls.......................................... 349

        Comparing Firewall Types............................................ 349

        Firewall Wrap-up......................................................... 350

        Demilitarized Zones (Perimeter Network)....................... 350

    Other Security Devices............................................................ 351

        Honeypots and Honeynets........................................... 353

    Access Control Overview......................................................... 354

        Mandatory Access Control (MAC)................................ 354

        Discretionary Access Control (DAC)............................. 354

        Rule-Based Access Control (RBAC)............................. 355

        Role-Based Access Control (RoBAC)........................... 356

        MAC Filtering............................................................. 356

        TCP/IP Filtering.......................................................... 357

    Tunneling and Encryption........................................................ 358

        Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)...................... 359

        Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)................................ 359

        IPSec........................................................................ 361

    Remote-Access Protocols and Services................................... 362

        Remote Access Service (RAS).................................... 362

        SLIP.......................................................................... 363

        PPP.......................................................................... 364

        PPPoE...................................................................... 365

        Remote-Control Protocols............................................ 365

    Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)................. 366

        Passwords and Password Policies............................... 369

        Kerberos Authentication.............................................. 371

        Public Key Infrastructure............................................. 373

        RADIUS and TACACS+............................................... 376

    Remote Authentication Protocols............................................. 377

    Physical Security................................................................... 378

        Server Room Access.................................................. 379

    Secured Versus Unsecured Protocols...................................... 381

    Managing Common Security Threats........................................ 382

        More on Viruses......................................................... 383

        More on Worms and Trojan Horses.............................. 384

        Denial of Service and Distributed Denial of Service Attacks 385

        Other Common Attacks............................................... 386

        An Ounce of Prevention............................................... 388

    Review and Test Yourself......................................................... 390

        The Facts.................................................................. 390

        Key Terms................................................................. 391

        Exam Prep Questions................................................. 392

        Answers to Exam Prep Questions................................ 394

    Need to Know More?............................................................... 395

Chapter 10:
Network Management Tools and Documentation.................................... 397

    Introduction............................................................................ 398

    Documentation Management................................................... 399

        Wiring Schematics..................................................... 401

        Physical and Logical Network Diagrams....................... 404

        Baselines................................................................... 407

        Policies, Procedures, Configurations, and Regulations... 409

    Monitoring Network Performance.............................................. 413

        Common Reasons to Monitor Networks........................ 413

        Packet Sniffers........................................................... 415

        Throughput Testing..................................................... 415

        Port Scanners............................................................ 417

        Network Performance, Load, and Stress Testing............ 420

        Tracking Event Logs.................................................... 422

    Networking Tools.................................................................... 426

        Wire Crimpers, Strippers, and Snips............................. 427

        Voltage Event Recorder............................................... 428

        Temperature Monitors................................................. 429

        Toner Probes.............................................................. 430

        Protocol Analyzer....................................................... 431

        Media/Cable Testers................................................... 432

        TDR and OTDR........................................................... 432

        Multimeter.................................................................. 433

        Network Qualification Tester........................................ 434

        Butt Set..................................................................... 434

        Wireless Detection..................................................... 434

    Review and Test Yourself......................................................... 435

        The Facts.................................................................. 435

        Key Terms................................................................. 436

        Exam Prep Questions................................................. 437

        Answers to Exam Questions....................................... 440

    Need to Know More?............................................................... 441

Chapter 11:
Troubleshooting and Supporting the Network......................................... 443

    Introduction............................................................................ 444

    Troubleshooting Steps and Procedures..................................... 445

        Information Gathering: Identify Symptoms and Problems 445

        Identify the Affected Areas of the Network..................... 446

        Determine if Anything Has Changed............................. 446

        Establish the Most Probable Cause.............................. 447

        Determine if Escalation Is Necessary........................... 447

        Create an Action Plan and Solution Identifying Potential
Effects............................................................................. 448

        Implement and Test the Solution.................................. 449

        Identify the Results and Effects of the Solution.............. 450

        Document the Solution and the Entire Process.............. 450

    Troubleshooting the Network.................................................... 451

        Troubleshooting Wiring................................................ 451

        Wiring Issues............................................................. 453

        Troubleshooting Infrastructure Hardware........................ 455

        Configuring and Troubleshooting Client Connectivity....... 457

        Troubleshooting an Incorrect VLAN............................... 462

    Topology Errors...................................................................... 463

        Star Topology............................................................. 464

        Ring Topology............................................................ 465

        Bus Network Errors..................................................... 467

        Mesh Network Errors.................................................. 468

    Issue Escalation..................................................................... 469

    Review and Test Yourself......................................................... 471

        The Facts.................................................................. 471

        Key Terms................................................................. 472

        Exam Prep Questions................................................. 473

        Answers to Exam Prep Questions................................ 476

    Need to Know More?............................................................... 477

Practice Exam 1................................................................................. 479

Answers to Practice Exam 1............................................................... 499

    Answers at a Glance............................................................... 499

    Answers and Explanations...................................................... 500

Practice Exam 2................................................................................. 515

Answers to Practice Exam 2............................................................... 533

    Answers at a Glance............................................................... 533

    Answers and Explanations...................................................... 534

Glossary............................................................................................ 553

TOC, 2/13/09, 9780789737960

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