Register your product to gain access to bonus material or receive a coupon.
NCLEX-PN Exam Prep, 3rd Edition
- By Wilda Rinehart, Diann Sloan, Clara Hurd
- Published Dec 9, 2014 by Pearson IT Certification. Part of the Exam Prep series.
Best Value Purchase
Book + eBook Bundle
- Your Price: $53.99
- List Price: $89.98
- Includes EPUB, MOBI, and PDF
- About eBook Formats
This eBook includes the following formats, accessible from your Account page after purchase:
EPUB
The open industry format known for its reflowable content and usability on supported mobile devices.
MOBI
The eBook format compatible with the Amazon Kindle and Amazon Kindle applications.
PDF
The popular standard, used most often with the free Adobe® Reader® software.
This eBook requires no passwords or activation to read. We customize your eBook by discreetly watermarking it with your name, making it uniquely yours.
More Purchase Options
eBook (Watermarked)
- Your Price: $31.99
- List Price: $39.99
- Includes EPUB, MOBI, and PDF
- About eBook Formats
This eBook includes the following formats, accessible from your Account page after purchase:
EPUB
The open industry format known for its reflowable content and usability on supported mobile devices.
MOBI
The eBook format compatible with the Amazon Kindle and Amazon Kindle applications.
PDF
The popular standard, used most often with the free Adobe® Reader® software.
This eBook requires no passwords or activation to read. We customize your eBook by discreetly watermarking it with your name, making it uniquely yours.
About
Features
- Comprehensive topical learning for all NCLEX-PN test areas, from care of physical and psychiatric disorders to cultural and legal issues
- Includes 530 exam questions and Answer Rationales within the book itself, plus an test engine on CD-ROM
- Presents expert test-taking and study strategies designed to improve readiness and alleviate anxiety
Description
- Copyright 2015
- Dimensions: 8-3/8" x 10-7/8"
- Edition: 3rd
- Book
- ISBN-10: 0-7897-5313-8
- ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-5313-7
Score Higher on the NCLEX-PN® Exam!
We provide you with the proven study tools and expert insight that will help you score higher on your exam
www.pearsonITcertification.com
The CD-ROM—based practice exam includes an interactive test engine for a realistic exam experience with 645 questions.
- Study Tips like the advice and instruction that a personal tutor might provide
- Notes, Tips, and Cautions provide you with hints and strategies that will help you reduce your mistakes on the exam
- Comprehensive discussion of all subject areas covered on the NCLEX-PN® Exam
- Practice Questions that include detailed explanations of correct and incorrect answers–so you can learn the material from your success and mistakes
COMPREHENSIVE! Succeed with comprehensive learning and practice tests
- Master the NCLEX-PN® exam materials in all tested subject areas
- Prepare with four comprehensive practice tests
- Analyze your test readiness and areas for further study with topic-focused chapter tests
- CD-ROM—based practice exam includes an interactive test engine for a meaningful exam experience with approximately 645 questions
- Learn important test-taking strategies to maximize your score and diminish your anxiety
Pearson IT Certification Practice Test minimum system requirements:
Windows XP (SP3), Windows Vista (SP2), Windows 7, or Windows 8 Professional; Microsoft .NET Framework 4.0 Client; Pentium class 1GHz processor (or equivalent); 512 MB RAM; 650 MB hard disk space plus 50 MB for each downloaded practice exam ; access to the Internet to register and download xam databases
NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN® are registered trademarks of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN), which does not sponsor or endorse this product.
Sample Content
Online Sample Chapter
NCLEX-PN Exam Prep: Care of the Client with Immunological Disorders
Sample Pages
Download the sample pages (includes Chapter xx and Index)
Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Instructional Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Extensive Practice Test Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Final Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Other Valuable Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
About the NCLEX Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Advice for Preparing for the Exam . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Advice for Test Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Hints for Using This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Contact the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Study and Exam Preparation Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Study Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Exam Prep Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Read the Question Carefully . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Look for Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Watch for Specific Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Eliminate Options That Are Clearly Wrong or Incorrect . . . . . . 11
Look for Similar Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Look for Opposite Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Part I: Exam Preparation
Chapter 1: Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Three Areas of Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
How Nurses Work with Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Time-released Drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Administering Medications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
The Seven Rights of Administering Medication . . . . . . . . 18
Understanding and Identifying the Various Drugs . . . . . . . . . 19
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . 19
Beta Adrenergic Blockers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Anti-Infectives (Aminoglycosides) . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Benzodiazepines (Anticonvulsants/Antianxiety). . . . . . . . 23
Phenothiazines (Antipsychotic/Antiemetic) . . . . . . . . . 24
Glucocorticoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Antivirals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Cholesterol-Lowering Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Histamine 2 Antagonists . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Proton Pump Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Anticoagulants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
More Drug Identification Helpers . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Herbals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Drug Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Pregnancy Categories for Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Answer Rationales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Chapter 2: Fluid and Electrolyte and Acid/Base Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Total Body Water Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Management of the Client with Imbalances in Fluid and Electrolytes . . . . . 43
Types of Intravenous Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
How the Body Regulates Electrolytes. . . . . . . . . . 44
How the Body Regulates pH . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Treatment of Clients with Alterations in Fluids and Electrolytes. . . . . . . . . . 60
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Chapter 3: Care of the Client with Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Diagnosing the Client with Hypertension . . . . . . . . . 69
Managing the Client with Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . 69
Coronary Artery Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Atherosclerosis and Arteriosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Conduction System of the Heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Heart Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Cardiac Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Reading an Electrocardiogram. . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Cardiac Dysrhythmias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Ventricular Tachycardia. . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Ventricular Fibrillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Internal Pacemaker/Internal Cardiac Defibrillators . . . . . . . 79
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Angina Pectoris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Management of a Client with Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . 82
Aneurysms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Inflammatory Diseases of the Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Infective Endocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Pericarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Peripheral Vascular Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Varicose Veins/Thrombophlebitis . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Raynaud’s Phenomenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Buerger’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Key Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Treatment of Clients with Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Chapter 4: Care of the Client with Endocrine Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Pituitary Gland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Hypopituitarism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Hyperpituitarism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland . . . . . . . . . 107
Thyroid Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Hypothyroidism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Hyperthyroidism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Parathyroid Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Hypoparathyroidism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Hyperparathyroidism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Hyperglycemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Hypoglycemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Managing Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia. . . . . . . . 117
Adrenal Gland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Adrenal Gland Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Pharmacological Agents Used to Treat Clients with Endocrine Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Chapter 5: Care of the Client with Respiratory Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . 133
Noninfectious Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract . . . . . . . 133
Chronic Bronchitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Emphysema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Pleurisy (Pleuritis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Pulmonary Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Interstitial Pulmonary Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Sarcoidosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Pulmonary Fibrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Occupational Pulmonary Disease . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Infectious Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract. . . . . . . . 142
Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Life-Threatening Pulmonary Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . 148
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . 148
Pulmonary Embolus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Pneumothorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Hemothorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Emerging Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
SARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Legionnaires’ Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Disorders of the Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . 159
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Chapter 6: Care of the Client with Genitourinary Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Renal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Acute Glomerulonephritis . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Chronic Glomerulonephritis . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Goodpasture’s Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Nephrotic Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Polycystic Kidney Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Hydronephrosis/Hydroureteronephrosis . . . . . . . . . 173
Pyelonephritis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Acute and Chronic Renal Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Chronic Renal Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Peritoneal Dialysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Hemodialysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. . . . . . . . . 179
Renal Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Urinary Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Cystitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Urinary Incontinence . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Urolithiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Genitourinary Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Prostatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Erectile Dysfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Epididymitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Priapism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Pharmacologic Agents for the Client with Genitourinary Disorders. . . . 192
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Chapter 7: Care of the Client with Integumentary Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Common Infections of the Integumentary System . . . . . . . . . 201
Viral Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Fungal Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Bacterial Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Psoriasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Pressure Ulcers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Burns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Burn Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Burn Measurement with TBSA . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Nursing Care for Burn Victims . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Integumentary Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Chapter 8: Care of the Client with Sensory Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Disorders of the Eyes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Intraocular Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Uveitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Corneal Dystrophy and Corneal Transplantation . . . . . . . . 228
Retinal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Refractory Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Traumatic Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Ocular Melanoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Disorders of the Ears. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Otitis Externa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Otitis Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Mastoiditis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Ménière’s Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Acoustic Neuroma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Otosclerosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Presbycusis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Ear Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Assisting Clients with Hearing Loss . . . . . . . . . . 239
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Disorders of the Eyes and Ears . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Chapter 9: Care of the Client with Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . 249
Peptic Ulcer Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Types of Ulcers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Diagnosis of Ulcers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Treatment of Ulcers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Inflammatory Bowel Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Crohn’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Ulcerative Colitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Management of the Client with Inflammatory Bowel Disease . . . . . 256
Diverticular Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Management of the Client with Diverticulitis . . . . . . . . 257
Hemorrhoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Appendicitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Peritonitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Intestinal Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Esophageal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
GERD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Hiatal Hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Diseases Associated with the Liver . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Acute Pancreatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Diagnosis of Pancreatitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Treatment of Pancreatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Symptoms of Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis . . . . . . . . 280
Diagnosis of Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis . . . . . . . . . 280
Treatment of Cholecystitis . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Treatment of Cholethiasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Clostridium Difficile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Food-Borne Illnesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System. . . . . . . . . 287
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Chapter 10: Care of the Client with Hematological Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Anemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Pernicious Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Aplastic Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Sickle Cell Anemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Iron Deficiency Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Thalassemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Polycythemia Vera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Hemophilia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Transfusion Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Diagnostic Tests for Review . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Pharmacological Agents Used in Hematological Disorders . . . . . 310
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Chapter 11; Care of the Client with Disorders of the Neurological System. . . . . . . . 315
Neurological Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Cranial Nerve Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Glasgow Coma Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Intracranial Pressure Monitors. . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Brain Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Epidural Hematomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Subdural Hematoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Intracerebral Hematomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Treatment of Hematomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Increased Intracranial Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Brain Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Treatment of Brain Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Care of the Client with Intracranial Surgery (Craniotomy) . . . . . . . 328
Cerebrovascular Accident/Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Ischemic Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Hemorrhagic Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Seizures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Types of Seizures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Treatment of Seizure Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Parkinson’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Autoimmune Neurological Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . 344
Multiple Sclerosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Myasthenia Gravis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Guillain-Barré. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Degenerative Neurological Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Cranial Nerve Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Trigeminal Neuralgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Bell’s Palsy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Spinal Cord Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . 351
Potential Complications with SCI Clients . . . . . . . . . 352
Intervertebral Disk Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of Clients with Neurological Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Chapter 12: Care of the Client with Immunological Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Immunodeficiency Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Diagnoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
HIV Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Standard Precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Airborne Transmission–Based Precautions (Second Tier of CDC Guidelines for Infection Control) . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Droplet Transmission–Based Precautions (Second Tier of CDC Guidelines for Infection Control) . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Contact Transmission–Based Precautions (Second Tier of CDC Guidelines for Infection Control) . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Treatments After Occupational Exposure. . . . . . . . . 375
Management of the Client with HIV . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Immunologic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Chapter 13: Care of the Client with Neoplastic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 389
American Cancer Society’s Seven Warning Signs of Cancer. . . . . . . 389
The Four Major Categories of Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . 390
Risk Factors for Specific Cancers . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Cancer Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Major Types of Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Colorectal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Lung Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Prostate Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Breast Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Other Major Cancers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
General Interventions for Clients with Cancer . . . . . . . . . 411
Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Chemotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Total Parenteral Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Neoplastic-Associated Disorders and Emergencies . . . . . . . . 416
Bone Marrow and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation . . . . . . . 417
Types of Transplants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Nursing Care After Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . 418
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Pharmacologic Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Specific Neoplastic Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 434
Chapter 14: Care of the Client with Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders . . . . . 435
Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
Major Fracture Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
General Treatment for Fractures. . . . . . . . . . . 438
Common Complications Associated with Fractures . . . . . . . 442
Osteoporosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis. . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Treatment of the Client with Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . . 447
Fibromyalgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
Ankylosing Spondylitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
Gout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Rheumatoid Arthritis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
Lupus Erythematosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
Musculoskeletal Surgical Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . 454
Fractured Hip and Hip Replacement . . . . . . . . . . 454
Total Knee Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Amputations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Pharmacologic Agents Used in Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 470
Chapter 15: Care of the Childbearing Client and the Neonatal Client . . . . . . . . . 471
Prenatal Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
Signs of Pregnancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
Prenatal Diet and Weight Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . 472
Measuring Fetal Heart Tones. . . . . . . . . . . . 474
Measuring Fundal Height. . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
Prelabor Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
Intrapartal Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
Stages of Labor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Important Terms You Should Know . . . . . . . . . . 477
Complications Associated with Pregnancy. . . . . . . . . . 478
Cardiac Disease During Pregnancy. . . . . . . . . . . 478
Diabetes in Pregnancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
Preeclampsia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
Ectopic Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Hydatidiform Mole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Incompetent Cervix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
Types of Abortions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
Placenta Previa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Abruptio Placenta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Complications Associated with Labor and Delivery . . . . . . . . 486
Fetal Malpresentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
Post-term Labor and Birth . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
Precipitate Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
Cord Prolapse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
Cesarean Birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
Assisted Birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Fetal Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Pharmacologic Management of Labor . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Postpartum Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
Newborn Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Terms Associated with the Normal Newborn . . . . . . . . 494
Rh Incompatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Women’s Health Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
Menopause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
Maternal Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
Methods of Contraception . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Obstetric Client . . . . 504
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Chapter 16: Care of the Pediatric Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Growth and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Infant (28 Days to 1 Year). . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Toddler (1–3 Years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512
Preschooler (3–5 Years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
School Age (6–12 Years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
Adolescence (12–18 Years) . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
Caring for the Child with Respiratory Disorders . . . . . . . . . 516
Upper Airway Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
Lower Airway Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Long-Term Respiratory Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Cystic Fibrosis (Mucoviscidosis) . . . . . . . . . . . 524
Caring for the Child with Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . . . . . 525
Disorders of Motility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
Structural Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
Obstructive Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Inflammatory and Parasitic Disorders. . . . . . . . . . 532
Malabsorptive/Metabolic Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . 533
Ingestion of Hazardous Substances . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Caring for the Child with Cardiovascular Disorders . . . . . . . . 537
Congenital Heart Defects. . . . . . . . . . . . . 538
Acquired Heart Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
Caring for the Child with Genitourinary Disorders. . . . . . . . 548
Obstructive Uropathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
External Defects (Hypospadias, Epispadias, Exstrophy of the Bladder). . . 549
Hypospadias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
Epispadias/Exstrophy of the Bladder . . . . . . . . . . 550
Caring for the Child with Neoplastic Disorders. . . . . . . . . 551
Leukemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Wilms’ Tumor (Nephroblastoma) . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Retinoblastoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
Neuroblastoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
Osteosarcoma and Ewing’s Sarcoma . . . . . . . . . . 552
Rhabdomyosarcoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Surviving Childhood Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Caring for the Child with Cerebral Disorders . . . . . . . . . 554
Intracranial Infections (Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis) . . . . . 554
Reye’s Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Caring for the Child with Integumentary Disorders . . . . . . . . 556
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
Scabies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice) . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Lyme Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever . . . . . . . . . . . 558
Caring for the Child with Communicable Disease. . . . . . . . . 559
Caring for the Child with Musculoskeletal Disorders . . . . . . . . 561
Congenital Clubfoot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
Developmental Hip Dysplasia . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
Osteogenesis Imperfecta . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plana) . . . . . . . . . 563
Scoliosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis) . . . . . 564
Caring for the Child with Neuromuscular Disorders . . . . . . . . 565
Cerebral Palsy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Neural Tube Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
Spina Bifida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
Muscular Dystrophies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
Caring for the Abused and Neglected Child . . . . . . . . . . 568
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of Pediatric Clients . . . . . 572
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 576
Chapter 17: Care of the Client with Psychiatric Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Anxiety-related Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Generalized Anxiety Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . 578
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . 578
Dissociative Identity Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
Somatoform Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
Panic Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
Phobic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . 580
Personality Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
Cluster A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
Cluster B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Cluster C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Managing Clients with Personality Disorders . . . . . . . . 584
Psychotic Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
Schizophrenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
Bipolar Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Substance Abuse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
Alcoholism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
Chemical Dependence. . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
Psychological Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence . . . . . . . 594
Autistic Spectrum Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
Conduct Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
Oppositional Defiant Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . 596
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder . . . . . . . . . . 596
Eating Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
Pharmacological Agents Used in the Care of the Client with Psychiatric Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 609
Chapter 18: Emergency Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
The ABCDs of Emergency Care. . . . . . . . . . . . 612
Airway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
Breathing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
Deficits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
Obtaining Client Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
Head Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
Chest Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
Abdominal Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
Documenting and Protecting Forensic Evidence . . . . . . . . 617
Poisoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
Poisonous Stings and Bites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
Bioterrorism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
Chemical and Biological Agents . . . . . . . . . . . 620
Nuclear Warfare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
Triage Categories for Disaster Victims . . . . . . . . . . 623
Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625
Pharmacological Agents Commonly Used in ER Treatment . . . . . 625
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 629
Chapter 19: Legal Issues in Nursing Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
Types of Laws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
Statutory Laws/Regulatory Laws. . . . . . . . . . . 632
Civil Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
Criminal Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
Common Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
Code of Ethical Behavior in Nursing Practice . . . . . . . . . 633
Legal Theories That Affect Nursing Practice . . . . . . . . . . 634
Negligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
Malpractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
Witnessing Consent for Care. . . . . . . . . . . . 635
Tort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
Assault and Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
Fraud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
Managing Client Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
Key Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 644
Chapter 20: Cultural Practices Influencing Nursing Care . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Cultural Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Understanding Client Beliefs . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Working with Clients Who Speak Different Languages . . . . . . 646
Healthcare of Hispanics/Latinos . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
Time Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . . . . . 648
Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
Healthcare of Native Americans and Alaskan Natives . . . . . . . . 649
Time Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . . . . . 650
Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
Healthcare of Asian-Americans . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
Time Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . . . . . 651
Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . . . . . . . 652
Healthcare of Arab-Americans. . . . . . . . . . . . . 652
Time Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication. . . . . . . . . 653
Childbirth and Pain Response . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Nursing Plan Dietary Considerations Across Cultures . . . . . . . . 653
Religious Beliefs and Refusal of Care Considerations . . . . . . . . 655
Key Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
Apply Your Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
Answers to Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
Suggested Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . 660
Part II: Final Review
Fast Facts
The NCLEX PN Exam Prep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
Practice Exam I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
Practice Exam II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
Practice Exam III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743
Practice Exam IV: Management and Alternative Item Exam Questions. . . . . . . . . . 781
Answers to Practice Exam I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809
Answers to Practice Exam II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833
Answers to Practice Exam III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855
Answers to Practice Exam IV: Management and Alternative Item Exam Questions. . . . . . . . . . 875
Part III: Appendixes
Appendix A: Things You Forgot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889
Appendix B; Need to Know More?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895
Appendix C: Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
Appendix D; Commonly-Prescribed Medications in the United States. . . . . . . . . 905
9780789753137, TOC, 11/5/2014
