Home > Articles

Introduction to Networking, Network Administration, and NetWare 6.5

The first thing you need to do as you begin your NetWare 6.5 journey is to briefly look at the historical roots of NetWare 6.5. This chapter looks at some of the new features of NetWare 6.5 and how Novell has classified some of these features and services. It also examines how NetWare 6.5 interacts with other operating systems.
This chapter is from the book

This chapter is from the book

Terms you’ll need to understand:

  • Bindery
  • NDS
  • eDirectory
  • SAN
  • NCS
  • iSCSI
  • iFolder
  • eGuide
  • Virtual Teams
  • File Versioning
  • iPrint
  • Open Source Services
  • NSS
  • Native File Access Protocol
  • DOS
  • NWSERVER
  • SERVER.EXE

Techniques you’ll need to master:

  • Identify major occurrences in the evolution of NetWare
  • Identify NetWare 6.5 features
  • Describe how NetWare 6.5 works with other operating systems

The first thing you need to do as you begin your NetWare 6.5 journey is to briefly look at the historical roots of NetWare 6.5. You will look at some of the new features of NetWare 6.5 and how Novell has classified some of these features and services. Then you will see how NetWare works with other operating systems. For example, you will learn which systems can function as a NetWare client and which can function as a server in a NetWare 6.5 network environment. Let the journey begin!

A Brief History of the NetWare Operating System

Novell NetWare has a long and winding history. From the early 1980s on, NetWare has gone through many version upgrades. It is beyond the scope of this book to go all the way back to the early days of NetWare, when it was called ShareNet or S-Net. The versions that are of interest to you, as you prepare for the exam, start with NetWare 3. The versions, their major features and services, and their importance are covered in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1  A Brief History of NetWare

NetWare Version

Features and Services

 

NetWare 3.x, including the following versions:

NetWare 3.0

NetWare 3.11

NetWare 3.12

NetWare 3.2

NetWare 3.0 shipped in the fall of 1989. With the release of 3.11, NetWare became a full 32-bit operating system that supported NetWare Loadable Modules (NLMs). NetWare 3.x primarily provided file and print services.

NetWare 3.x stored user accounts in the bindery, which is a flat-file database that is stored on each server.

The bindery was made up of three files:

  • NET$OBJ.DAT
  • NET$PROP.DAT
  • NET$VAL.DAT

The only objects you would see in the bindery, when working in the SYSCON management utility, would be users, groups, printers, print servers, and print queues.

Users had to log in to each server that they wanted to access. The process was to log in to the first server and attach to the second and subsequent servers.

Rights assignments, also known as Trustee assignments, were made to users and groups. A group EVERYONE existed when you wanted to grant rights to all users in the bindery.

NetWare 4.x, including the following versions:

NetWare 4.0

NetWare 4.10

NetWare 4.11

IntraNetWare

NetWare 4.2

NetWare 4.0 was introduced in early 1993. NetWare 4.x offered the same file and print services that were the mainstay of NetWare 3.x. NetWare 4.x supported up to 1,000 users, with licenses becoming additive with the release of NetWare 4.10.

Novell Directory Services (NDS) was introduced with NetWare 4. NDS is a directory naming service. It keeps track of all network resources through a hierarchical, relational database that is distributed and loosely consistent. Many consider it the main network service provided by NetWare 4.x. It is the precursor to the current directory service called eDirectory.

With NDS, users no longer logged in to a server, but to a tree. After they were authenticated, based on the rights assigned, users could access all network resources available to them in the tree. It no longer mattered which server an application, service, or resource was on. If a tree had 10 servers installed, a user could potentially access all 10 servers if the appropriate rights were assigned.

The three major components of NDS were objects, properties, and values.

With NetWare 4.x and NDS, the directory was not housed on a single server. The directory, through the processes of partitioning and replication, was distributed to strategically placed servers throughout the tree. This provided a degree of fault tolerance.

NetWare 4.x also provided enhanced TCP/IP and Macintosh support.

In 1996, IntraNetWare was released, enhancing the network capabilities available with NetWare 4.11. The primary enhancements were the capability to function as a Web server, FTP server, router, Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/IP) gateway, and application launcher. NAL (NetWare Application Launcher) was the precursor to the modern-day ZENworks for Desktops.

NetWare 5.x, including the

following versions:

NetWare 5.0

NetWare 5.1

In the late 1990s, NetWare 5.0 was released. Up until NetWare 5.0, NetWare was primarily a network operating system that used IPX/SPX.-The main reason behind this was that NetWare before NetWare 5 was considered a LAN operating system. With the release of NetWare 5.0, a native TCP/IP protocol stack was made available with the core operating system. This enabled NetWare to shed its LAN chains and move into the world of WANs. IPX/SPX was still available, but Novell encouraged its customers to migrate to TCP/IP. For those who could not, two strategies were made available:

  • Both IP and IPX stacks could be used simultaneously.
  • A Compatibility Mode Driver, with a Migration Agent, was made available for those who were transitioning from IPX to IP.

NetWare 5.x, using the native TCP/IP stack, enhanced its capabilities by including a Web server, FTP server, NNTP server, and the capability to function as a DNS/DHCP server.

NetWare 6.x, including the following versions:

NetWare 6.0

NetWare 6.5

With the release of NetWare 6.0, Novell has begun its move toward OneNet, anytime, anywhere access to networked resources, regardless of the operating system platform.

With NetWare 6, Novell also began its entrance into the world of open source services and applications.

One of the main features and services introduced with NetWare 6 is eDirectory and the multitude of platforms that it can work on. eDirectory is the successor to NDS, introduced with NetWare 4. eDirectory is more mature and robust than its predecessors, and it still provides centralized administration of network resources through a distributed, replicated directory.


Now that this chapter has explored some of NetWare’s history, it will examine the new features and services introduced with NetWare 6.5.

Pearson IT Certification Promotional Mailings & Special Offers

I would like to receive exclusive offers and hear about products from Pearson IT Certification and its family of brands. I can unsubscribe at any time.

Overview


Pearson Education, Inc., 221 River Street, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, (Pearson) presents this site to provide information about Pearson IT Certification products and services that can be purchased through this site.

This privacy notice provides an overview of our commitment to privacy and describes how we collect, protect, use and share personal information collected through this site. Please note that other Pearson websites and online products and services have their own separate privacy policies.

Collection and Use of Information


To conduct business and deliver products and services, Pearson collects and uses personal information in several ways in connection with this site, including:

Questions and Inquiries

For inquiries and questions, we collect the inquiry or question, together with name, contact details (email address, phone number and mailing address) and any other additional information voluntarily submitted to us through a Contact Us form or an email. We use this information to address the inquiry and respond to the question.

Online Store

For orders and purchases placed through our online store on this site, we collect order details, name, institution name and address (if applicable), email address, phone number, shipping and billing addresses, credit/debit card information, shipping options and any instructions. We use this information to complete transactions, fulfill orders, communicate with individuals placing orders or visiting the online store, and for related purposes.

Surveys

Pearson may offer opportunities to provide feedback or participate in surveys, including surveys evaluating Pearson products, services or sites. Participation is voluntary. Pearson collects information requested in the survey questions and uses the information to evaluate, support, maintain and improve products, services or sites; develop new products and services; conduct educational research; and for other purposes specified in the survey.

Contests and Drawings

Occasionally, we may sponsor a contest or drawing. Participation is optional. Pearson collects name, contact information and other information specified on the entry form for the contest or drawing to conduct the contest or drawing. Pearson may collect additional personal information from the winners of a contest or drawing in order to award the prize and for tax reporting purposes, as required by law.

Newsletters

If you have elected to receive email newsletters or promotional mailings and special offers but want to unsubscribe, simply email information@informit.com.

Service Announcements

On rare occasions it is necessary to send out a strictly service related announcement. For instance, if our service is temporarily suspended for maintenance we might send users an email. Generally, users may not opt-out of these communications, though they can deactivate their account information. However, these communications are not promotional in nature.

Customer Service

We communicate with users on a regular basis to provide requested services and in regard to issues relating to their account we reply via email or phone in accordance with the users' wishes when a user submits their information through our Contact Us form.

Other Collection and Use of Information


Application and System Logs

Pearson automatically collects log data to help ensure the delivery, availability and security of this site. Log data may include technical information about how a user or visitor connected to this site, such as browser type, type of computer/device, operating system, internet service provider and IP address. We use this information for support purposes and to monitor the health of the site, identify problems, improve service, detect unauthorized access and fraudulent activity, prevent and respond to security incidents and appropriately scale computing resources.

Web Analytics

Pearson may use third party web trend analytical services, including Google Analytics, to collect visitor information, such as IP addresses, browser types, referring pages, pages visited and time spent on a particular site. While these analytical services collect and report information on an anonymous basis, they may use cookies to gather web trend information. The information gathered may enable Pearson (but not the third party web trend services) to link information with application and system log data. Pearson uses this information for system administration and to identify problems, improve service, detect unauthorized access and fraudulent activity, prevent and respond to security incidents, appropriately scale computing resources and otherwise support and deliver this site and its services.

Cookies and Related Technologies

This site uses cookies and similar technologies to personalize content, measure traffic patterns, control security, track use and access of information on this site, and provide interest-based messages and advertising. Users can manage and block the use of cookies through their browser. Disabling or blocking certain cookies may limit the functionality of this site.

Do Not Track

This site currently does not respond to Do Not Track signals.

Security


Pearson uses appropriate physical, administrative and technical security measures to protect personal information from unauthorized access, use and disclosure.

Children


This site is not directed to children under the age of 13.

Marketing


Pearson may send or direct marketing communications to users, provided that

  • Pearson will not use personal information collected or processed as a K-12 school service provider for the purpose of directed or targeted advertising.
  • Such marketing is consistent with applicable law and Pearson's legal obligations.
  • Pearson will not knowingly direct or send marketing communications to an individual who has expressed a preference not to receive marketing.
  • Where required by applicable law, express or implied consent to marketing exists and has not been withdrawn.

Pearson may provide personal information to a third party service provider on a restricted basis to provide marketing solely on behalf of Pearson or an affiliate or customer for whom Pearson is a service provider. Marketing preferences may be changed at any time.

Correcting/Updating Personal Information


If a user's personally identifiable information changes (such as your postal address or email address), we provide a way to correct or update that user's personal data provided to us. This can be done on the Account page. If a user no longer desires our service and desires to delete his or her account, please contact us at customer-service@informit.com and we will process the deletion of a user's account.

Choice/Opt-out


Users can always make an informed choice as to whether they should proceed with certain services offered by Adobe Press. If you choose to remove yourself from our mailing list(s) simply visit the following page and uncheck any communication you no longer want to receive: www.pearsonitcertification.com/u.aspx.

Sale of Personal Information


Pearson does not rent or sell personal information in exchange for any payment of money.

While Pearson does not sell personal information, as defined in Nevada law, Nevada residents may email a request for no sale of their personal information to NevadaDesignatedRequest@pearson.com.

Supplemental Privacy Statement for California Residents


California residents should read our Supplemental privacy statement for California residents in conjunction with this Privacy Notice. The Supplemental privacy statement for California residents explains Pearson's commitment to comply with California law and applies to personal information of California residents collected in connection with this site and the Services.

Sharing and Disclosure


Pearson may disclose personal information, as follows:

  • As required by law.
  • With the consent of the individual (or their parent, if the individual is a minor)
  • In response to a subpoena, court order or legal process, to the extent permitted or required by law
  • To protect the security and safety of individuals, data, assets and systems, consistent with applicable law
  • In connection the sale, joint venture or other transfer of some or all of its company or assets, subject to the provisions of this Privacy Notice
  • To investigate or address actual or suspected fraud or other illegal activities
  • To exercise its legal rights, including enforcement of the Terms of Use for this site or another contract
  • To affiliated Pearson companies and other companies and organizations who perform work for Pearson and are obligated to protect the privacy of personal information consistent with this Privacy Notice
  • To a school, organization, company or government agency, where Pearson collects or processes the personal information in a school setting or on behalf of such organization, company or government agency.

Links


This web site contains links to other sites. Please be aware that we are not responsible for the privacy practices of such other sites. We encourage our users to be aware when they leave our site and to read the privacy statements of each and every web site that collects Personal Information. This privacy statement applies solely to information collected by this web site.

Requests and Contact


Please contact us about this Privacy Notice or if you have any requests or questions relating to the privacy of your personal information.

Changes to this Privacy Notice


We may revise this Privacy Notice through an updated posting. We will identify the effective date of the revision in the posting. Often, updates are made to provide greater clarity or to comply with changes in regulatory requirements. If the updates involve material changes to the collection, protection, use or disclosure of Personal Information, Pearson will provide notice of the change through a conspicuous notice on this site or other appropriate way. Continued use of the site after the effective date of a posted revision evidences acceptance. Please contact us if you have questions or concerns about the Privacy Notice or any objection to any revisions.

Last Update: November 17, 2020